Joseph II .281780.E2.80.931790.29 History of the Jews in Hungary

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a medal minted during reign of josef ii, commemorating grant of religious liberty jews , protestants.


during years christian teachers employed in jewish schools, have nothing religious affairs of such institutions. after lapse of ten years jew might establish business, or engage in trade, if prove had attended school. usual school-inspectors supervise jewish schools , report government. jews create fund organizing , maintaining schools. jewish youth might enter academies, , might study subject @ universities except theology. jews might rent farms if cultivate same without aid of christians.


jews allowed peddle , engage in various industrial occupations, , admitted guilds. permitted engrave seals, , sell gunpowder , saltpeter; exclusion mining-towns remained in force. christian masters allowed have jewish apprentices. distinctive marks hitherto worn jews abolished, , might carry swords. on other hand, required discard distinctive marks prescribed religion , shave beards. emperor joseph regarded decree allowed no 1 violate it.


the jews, in petition dated april 22, 1783, expressed gratitude emperor favors, and, reminding him of principle religion should not interfered with, asked permission wear beards. emperor granted prayer of petitioners, reaffirmed other parts of decree (april 24, 1783). jews organized schools in various places, @ pressburg (bratislava), Óbuda, vágújhely (nové mesto nad váhom), , nagyvárad (oradea). decree issued emperor (july 23, 1787) effect every jew should choose german surname; , further edict (1789) ordered, consternation of jews, should henceforth perform military service.


after death of joseph ii royal free cities showed hostile attitude toward jews. citizens of pest petitioned municipal council after may 1, 1790, jews should no longer allowed live in city. government interfered; , jews merely forbidden engage in peddling in city. 7 days decree of expulsion had been issued @ nagyszombat (trnava), may 1 being fixed date of jews departure. jews appealed government; , in following december city authorities of nagyszombat informed diet had confirmed former rights of jews, , latter not expelled.







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