Yor.C3.B9b.C3.A1land Panyarring

the main historical cities of yoruba coast modern national boundaries.

evidence of panyarring in yorùbáland, in present-day nigeria, before 1830s limited. european traders threatened panyarring on occasions when disputes arose, did not reach level did along gold coast. in mid-19th century however, documentation shows number of examples of panyarring occurring form of political struggle between various tribes. chiefs allow panyarring within territory, decide use panyarring in rivalry other chiefs, or agree panyarring in exchange money. historian olatunji ojo has discovered number of cases in yorubaland of such activities, including, in 1879, deputy king of city called itebu panyarred mahi man in exchange small fee mahi man accused first of adultery 1 of wives. similarly, egba chief once panyarred members of awori tribe had panyarred young girl in village.

panyarring prime cause of deteriorating relations between different toruba chiefs, causing significant periods of tensions between different groups , directly causing ondo-ikale war of 1891. british expansion in 1880s , 1890s, panyarring decreased in importance throughout yorubaland.