Additional factors exhibiting effects on it Inattentional blindness

1 additional factors exhibiting effects on it

1.1 age , expertise
1.2 similarity between stimuli
1.3 mindfulness

additional factors exhibiting effects on it
age , expertise

in 2006, daniel memmert conducted series of studies in tested how age , expertise of participants affect inattentional blindness. using gorilla video, tested 6 different groups of participants. there 2 groups of children (average age=7) half no experience in basketball, , other half 2 years experience; 2 groups of juniors (average age=13) half no experience in basketball, , other half 5 years of experience; , 2 groups of adults (average age = 24) half no experience in basketball, other half on 12 years of experience. instructed groups keep track of how many passes people on black team made.

overall, children or without basketball experience failed perceive gorilla more juniors or adults. there no significant difference between inexperienced junior , adult groups, or between experienced junior , adult groups. pattern of results suggests until approximate age of 13, presumably because aspects of cognition still under development, inattentional blindness occurrences more frequent, become consistent throughout remainder of life span.

additionally, juniors basketball experience noticed gorilla more juniors no basketball experience; , group of experienced adults noticed gorilla more non-experienced adults. suggests if 1 has had experience stimuli in visual field, more consciously perceive unexpected object.

in 2011, elizabeth graham , deborah burke conducted study assessed whether or not older adults more susceptible inattentional blindness younger adults having 51 younger-aged participants (17 22 years) , 61 older-aged participants (61 81 years) watch classic gorilla video. overall, found younger-aged participants more notice unexpected gorilla older-aged participants.

in 2015 study, cary stothart, walter boot, , daniel simons attempted replicate , extend findings both graham , burke s 2011 study , steven , colleague s 2000 study on amazon mechanical turk using sample of 515 participants varied in age. in study, participants tasked counting number of times number of white moving objects crossed vertical midpoint of display while ignoring number of black moving objects. unexpected object in case gray cross moved horizontally across display @ various distances vertical midpoint (this manipulated between participants). overall, found inattentional blindness susceptibility increases age, replicates finding graham , burke. in fact, found every 10 years of age associated 1.3 fold increase in probability of displaying inattentional blindness. found probability of inattentional blindness increases distance between observer s focus of attention , unexpected object increases, replicates finding , colleagues. however, found relationship age has inattentional blindness not change function of unexpected object s distance focus of attention, suggesting useful field of view not mediate relationship between age , inattentional blindness.

similarity between stimuli

a series of studies conducted test how similarity can influence perception of present stimulus. in study, asked participants fixate on central point on computer screen , count how many times either white or black letters bounced off edges of screen. first 2 trials did not contain unexpected event, third trial critical trial in cross had same dimensions letters , varied in colour (white/light gray/dark gray/black) moved right side of screen left side , passed through central point. results revealed following: during critical event, more similar colour of cross colour of attended letters, more participants perceive it, , less similar colour of cross attended colour decreased likelihood of cross being noticed. participants attending black letters, 94% perceived black cross; 44% perceived dark gray cross; 12% perceived light gray cross, , 6% perceived white cross. similarly, if participant attending white letters, more notice cross white (94%) if light gray (75%), dark gray (56%), or black (0%). study demonstrates more similar unexpected object attended object, more perceived, reducing chance of inattentional blindness.

mindfulness

a large experiment conducted on 794 participants schofield, creswell , denson found evidence completing brief mindfulness exercise reduced rates on inattentional blindness, did not improve depth of encoding of unexpected distractor. participants in experiment engaged in guided-audio task of mindfully eating raisin, well-known task introduced kabat-zinn in mindfulness-based stress reduction program, or listened factual descriptions raisins. audio recordings used manipulate mindful states in experiment freely available online. participants completed raisin-eating task had 41% greater odds of noticing unexpected red cross floated across screen. participants asked select shape had unexpectedly appeared (i.e., red cross) out of line-up of 3 red , 3 green shapes. in mindfulness condition no better in control condition @ selecting red cross out of line-up. true regardless of whether or not detection of unexpected distractor statistically controlled. experiment demonstrated not mindfulness affect inattentional blindness, detailed encoding of unexpected distractor can dissociated detection of unexpected distractor.