Sea level-related engineering Transportation in South Florida

a rain-driven flood in south beach on june 5, 2009 in 10 inches (250 mm) of heavy rain fell before approximately 2.8-foot (0.85 m) mllw tide, meaning storm water not drain effectively.



brickell bay drive @ low intersection in brickell, on mainland on october 17, 2016.

in addition present difficulty below-grade development, areas of southern florida, miami beach, beginning engineer sea level rise , other potential effects of climate change. includes five-year, us$500 million project installation of 60 80 pumps, building of taller sea walls, , physical raising or road tarmac levels, possible zoning , building code changes, lead retrofitting of existing , historic properties. miami beach sees sunny day flooding of roads during annual king tides, though argue has been case decades, parts of western side of south beach @ virtually 0 feet (0 m) above normal high tide, entire city averaging 4.4 feet (1.3 m) above mean sea level (amsl). study university of miami rosenstiel school of marine , atmospheric science of miami beach flooding incidents 1998 2013 tidal flooding increasing time, coinciding increase in rate of sea level rise locally. fall 2015 king tides exceeded expectations in longevity , height. streets , sidewalks raised 2.5 feet (0.76 m) on previous levels; 4 initial pumps installed in 2014 capable of pumping 4,000 gallons per minute. several other cities in county have building codes exceed federal emergency management agency (fema) mandates. traditional sea level rise , storm mitigation measures including sea walls , dykes, such in netherlands , new orleans, may not work in south florida due porous nature of ground , limestone beneath surface. more half of south florida under 6 feet (1.8 m) amsl, while highest elevations, made of limestone ridge includes brickell hammock, averages 12 feet (3.7 m). fort lauderdale sees increasing tidal flooding well, exacerbated extensive inland canal system. combating problem one-way valves retrofitted drainage system, , considering using pumps well. development booms in 21st century began raising questions of sustainability of coastal habitation, given south florida s approximate population of 6 million makes half of estimated 13.1 million people affected 1.8 m (5.9 ft) increase in sea level possible 2100.