Ancient Period List of rulers of Odisha

1 ancient period

1.1 ancient texts
1.2 unknown dynasty mentioned in chullakalinga jataka , kalingabodhi jataka
1.3 unknown dynasty mentioned in dathavamsha

1.3.1 ruler mentioned in dathavamsha


1.4 nanda dynasty
1.5 maurya empire
1.6 mahameghavahana dynasty
1.7 satavahana dynasty
1.8 kusanas , murundas
1.9 naga dynasty
1.10 nala dynasty
1.11 parvatadvarka dynasty

1.11.1 king mentioned in raghuvasham of kalidasa without dynasty or lineage


1.12 gupta empire
1.13 sura dynasty
1.14 sharabhapuriya dynasty
1.15 mathara dynasty
1.16 vishnukudina empire
1.17 vigraha dynasty
1.18 mudgalas dynasty
1.19 durjaya dynasty
1.20 gauda empire
1.21 shailodbhava dynasty
1.22 harsha
1.23 bhaumakara dynasty
1.24 mandala states

1.24.1 bhanjas of khinjali mandala
1.24.2 bhanjas of khijjinga mandala
1.24.3 sulkis of kodalaka mandala
1.24.4 tungas of yamagartta mandala
1.24.5 nandodbhavas of airavatta mandala
1.24.6 mayuras of banei mandala
1.24.7 gangas of svetaka mandala


1.25 somvanshi dynasty
1.26 eastern ganga dynasty
1.27 chauhan rulers of patna (bolangir) , sambalpur [1]

ancient period
ancient texts

according mahabharata , puranas, prince kalinga founded kingdom of kalinga, in current day region of coastal odisha, including north sircars. mahabharata mentions 1 srutayudha king of kalinga kingdom, joined kaurava camp. in buddhist text, mahagovinda suttanta, kalinga , ruler, sattabhu, have been mentioned.

kalinga (?)
srutayudha (?)
sattabhu (8th century b.c.)
nalikira (8th century b.c)
karakandu (7th century b.c)

unknown dynasty mentioned in chullakalinga jataka , kalingabodhi jataka

kalinga i
mahakalinga
chullakalinga
kalinga ii (7th – 6th century b.c)

unknown dynasty mentioned in dathavamsha

brhamadatta (5th century b.c)
kasiraja
sunanda

ruler mentioned in dathavamsha

guhasiva (4th century b.c)

nanda dynasty

kalinga annexed mahapadma nanda.

mahapadma nanda (c. 424 bce – ?)
pandhuka
panghupati
bhutapala
rashtrapala
govishanaka
dashasidkhaka
kaivarta
mahendra
dhana nanda (argames) (? – c. 321 bce)

when chandragupta rebelled against nandas, kaligans broke away empire of magadha.

maurya empire

ashoka invaded kalinga in 261 bce. kalinga broke away mauryan empire during rule of dasharatha.

ashoka (274-232 bce)
dasharatha (232–224 bce)

mahameghavahana dynasty

hātigumfā inscription of emperor kharavela @ udayagiri hills.

mahamegha vahana founder of kalingan chedi or cheti dynasty. but, kharavela well-known among them. exact relation between mahamegha vahana , kharavela not known.

mahamegha vahana (?)
vakradeva (or) virdhharaja
kharavela (c.193 bce-?)
kudepasiri (?)& vakradeva ll
vaduka (?)

it not known that, if vakadeva successor or predecessor of kharavela. inscriptions , coins discovered @ guntupalli , velpuru, andhra pradesh, know of series of rulers suffix sada possibly distant successors of kharavela.

mana-sada
siri-sada
maha-sada
sivamaka-sada
asaka-sada

satavahana dynasty

gautamiputra satakarni known have invaded kalinga during reign.

gautamiputra satkarni (78–102 ce)
sri yajna satkarni (170–199 ce)

the history of region obscure while after reign of sri yajna satkarni.

kusanas , murundas

only numismatic evidences have been found of of these rulers of 3rd century ce.

maharaja rajadhiraja dharmadamadhara (?)
maharaja ganabhadra (?)

naga dynasty

an inscription dating 3rd 4th century found in asanpat village in keonjhar revealed existence of dynasty.

manabhanja (?)
satrubhanja (?)
disabhanja (?)

nala dynasty

nalas , kalinga, other contemporaries, c. 375 ce

for time in 4th century, region around modern-day koraput ruled nalas.

vrishadhvaja (c. 400-420 ce)
varaharaja (c. 420-440 ce)
bhavadattavarman or bhavadattaraja (441-446 ce)
arthapatiraja (446-478)
skandavarman (c. 480-?)

parvatadvarka dynasty

during same period nalas, region around modern-day kalahandi ruled them. not known them.

sobhanaraja (?)
tustikara (?)

king mentioned in raghuvasham of kalidasa without dynasty or lineage

hemangada

gupta empire

gupta empire 320 – 600 ce

samudragupta invaded kalinga during reign in c.350. c.571, of kalinga had broken away gupta empire.

samudragupta (335–375 ce)
ramagupta (?)
chandragupta ii (375–415 ce)
kumaragupta (414–455 ce)
skandagupta (455–467 ce)
purugupta (467–473 ce)
kumaragupta ii (473–476)
budhagupta (476–495?)
kumaragupta iii (?)
vishnugupta (?)
vainyagupta (?)
bhanugupta (540 550 ce)

sura dynasty

the later half of 4th century, dynasty established in south kosala region.

maharaja sura
maharaja dayita (or dayitavarman i)
maharaja bhimasena i
maharaja dayitavarman ii
maharaja bhimasena ii (c. 501 or 601-?)

sharabhapuriya dynasty

not known dynasty. known them, comes inscriptions on copper plates , coins. may or may not have been known amararyakula dynasty. dynasty supposed have started 1 sarabha, may have been feudal chief under guptas. ruled on modern-day region of raipur, bilaspur , kalahandi.

sharabha (Śarabha), c. 475-500 ce
narendra, c. 500-525 ce
prasanna, c. 525-550 ce
jayarāja, c. 550-560 ce
sudevarāja, c 560-570 ce
manamatra alias durgarāja, c. 570-580 ce
sudevarāja, c. 570-580 ce
pravarāja, c. 580-590 ce

mathara dynasty

the mathara dynasty ruled during 4th , 5th centuries. mathara rulers include:

shakti-varman (Śaktivarman)
prabhanjana-varman (prabhañjanavarman)
ananta-shakti-varman (anantaśaktivarman)

vishnukudina empire

anantasaktivarman lost southern part of kingdom madhava verma , matharas never recovered it.

madhava varma (420-55 ce)
indra varma (?)
madhava verma ii (461-508 ce)
vikramendra varma i
indra bhattaraka varma (528–555 ce)

indra bhattaraka varma possibly lost kalinga holdings 1 adiraja indra, possibly indravarma of east ganga dynasty.

vigraha dynasty

they ruled region called south tosali, around modern day puri , ganjam, during second half of 6th century.

prighivi vigraha
loka vigraha (c. 600 ce-?)

mudgalas dynasty

they ruled region of north toshali, river mahanadi served border between north , south toshali. in 603 ce, captured south toshali vigrahas.

sambhuyasa (c. 580? ce-?)

durjaya dynasty

in mid-6th century ce, chief, ranadurjaya, established himself in south kalinga. prithivimaharaja defeated mudgalas time.

ranadurjaya (?)
prithivimaharaja (?)

gauda empire

shashanka invaded , possibly occupied northern parts of kalinga during reign around c. 615.

shashanka (c. 590–625)
manava (c. 625–626)

shailodbhava dynasty

they ruled region ranging coastal orissa mahanadi , mahendragiri in paralakhemundi. region called kangoda mandala. sailobhava, founder of dynasty, said have born of rock, hence name shailodbhava. sailobhava adopted son of 1 pulindasena, possibly chieftain. possibly subordinates of shashanka during madhavaraja ii, later rebelled.

pulindasena (?)
sailobhava (?)
dharmaraja (or ranabhita)
madhavaraja (or sainyabita i)
ayasobhita (or chharamparaja)
madhavaraja ii (or madhavavarman) (?-665 ce)
madhyamaraja (or ayasobhita ii) (665 ce-?)
dharmaraja ii

harsha

harsha invaded kalinga , kangoda, after death pulakesi ii in 642 ce. madhavaraja ii vassal of harsha until death of later in 647 ce.

harsha (606-647)

bhaumakara dynasty

the bhauma or bhauma-kara dynasty lasted c.736 ce c.940 ce. controlled coastal areas of kalinga. c.850 ce, controlled of modern orissa. later part of reign disturbed rebellions bhanja dynasty of sonepur , boudh region.

lakshmikaradeva (?)
ksemankaradeva (?)
sivakaradeva (or unmattasimha) (c.736-?)
subhakaradeva (c.790-?)
sivakaradeva ii (c.809-?)
santikaradeva (or gayada i) (?)
subhakaradeva ii (c.836-?)
subhakaradeva iii (?-845)
tribhuvana mahadevi (widow of santikaradeva i) (c.845-?)
santikaradeva ii (?)
subhakaradeva iv (or kusumahara ii) (c.881-?)
sivakaradeva iii (or lalitahara) (c.885-?)
tribhuvana mahadevi ii (or prithivi mahadevi, window of subhakara iv) (c.894-?)
tribhuvana mahadevi iii (widow of sivakara iii) ?
santikaradeva iii (?)
subhakara v (?)
gauri mahadevi (wife of subhakara) (?)
dandi mahadevi (daughter of gauri) (c.916 or 923-?)
vakula mahadevi (stepmother of dandi mahadevi) (?)
dharma mahadevi (widow of santikaradeva) (?)

the mandala states

between 8th , 11th century, orissa divided mandalas feudal states ruled chieftains. these chieftains swore allegiance bhaumakaras.

bhanjas of khinjali mandala

khinjali refers modern-day balangir, sonepur , phulbani.

silabhanja deva (or angadi) (?)
satrubhanja (or gandhata , nettabhanja i) (?)
rangabhanja (?)
nettabhanja ii (or kalyankalasa) (?)
silabhanja ii (or tribhuvana kalasa) (?)
vidhyadharabhanja (or amogha kalasa , dharma kalasa) (?)
nettabhanja iii (or kalyan kalasa , prithvi kalasa) (c. 933 ce-?)
satrubhanja ii (or tribhubana kalasa) (c. 934-?)
bettabhanja iv (or tribhuvana kalasa) (c. 949-?)

bhanjas of khijjinga mandala

this refers modern-day mayurbhanj , part of kendujhar

kottabhanja
digbhanja (alias durjayabhanja)
ranabhanja (c.924-?)
prithvibhanja (alias satrubhanja) (c. 936-?)
rajabhanja (alias rajabhanja)

sulkis of kodalaka mandala

kodalaka refers modern-day district of dhenkanal.

kanchanastambha succeeded son kalahastambha.
ranastambha (c.839-?)
jayasthambha
kulastambha ii

later, mandala divided 2 parts, yamagartta mandala , airavatta mandala. bhaumas allowed tunga , nandodbhava families rule on yamagartta mandala , airavatta mandala respectively.

tungas of yamagartta mandala

the mandala refers northern part of modern dhenkanal district. jayasimha ruler of mandala before tungas, not member of tunga dynasty.

jayasimha (c. 864 )
khadaga tunga
vinita tunga
solana tunga
gayada tunga
apsara deva.

it not known if apsara deva belonged tunga family or not.

nandodbhavas of airavatta mandala

this region extended on territory comprising southern part of dhenkanal district, western portion of cuttack district , entire nayagarh district.

jayananda
paramananda
sivananda
devananda i
devananda ii (c. 920-?)
dhruvananda (c. 929-?)

mayuras of banei mandala

this region comprised modern-day banei sub-division , parts of panposh subdivision of sundergarh district.

udita varsha
teja varsha
udaya varsha

gangas of svetaka mandala

the capital of svetaka known svetakapura has been identified modern chikiti.

jayavarma deva
anantavarman
gangaka vilasa
bhupendra varman
mahendravarman
prithivarman
indravarman i
indravarman ii
samantavarman (c. 909-921?)

somvanshi dynasty

the soma or kesari dynasty originates in south kosala, reign of yayati i, controlled of modern orissa.

janmejaya (c. 882-992)
yayati (c. 922-955)
bhimaratha (c. 955-80)
dharmarstha (c. 980-1005)
nahusa (c. 1005-1021)
indranatha (c. 1021-1025)
yayati ii (c. 1025-1040)
udyotakesari (c. 1040-1065)
janmejaya ii (c. 1065-1080)
puranjaya (c. 1080-1090)
karnadeva (c. 1090-1110)

janmejaya, predecessor of karnadeva , son of janmejaya ii, not considered ruler successors, captured throne in violent coup , soon-after lost it.

eastern ganga dynasty

narasimhadeva built konark temple

indravarman earliest known king of dynasty. known jirjingi copper plate grant.

indravarman (c. ?-537?)
samantavarman (c. 537-562)
hastivarman (c. 562-578)
indravarman ii (c. 578-589)
danarnava (c. 589-652)
indravarman iii (c. 589-652)
gunarnava (c. 652-682)
devendravarman (c. 652-682?)
anantavarman iii (c. 808-812?)
rajendravarman ii (c. 812-840?)
devendravarman v (c. 885-895?)
gunamaharnava (c. 895-939?)
vajrahasta ii (or anangabhimadeva i) (c. 895-939?)
gundama - (c. 939-942)
kamarnava (c. 942-977)
vinayaditya (c. 977-980)
vajrahasta iv (c .980-1015)
kamarnava ii (c. 1015–6 months after)
gundama ii (c. 1015-1038)
vajrahasta v (c. 1038-1070)
rajaraja chola (c. 1070-1077)
anantavarman chodaganga (c. 1077–1147)
jatesvaradeva (c. 1147–1156)
raghavadeva (c. 1156-1170)
rajaraja chola iii (c. 1170-1190)
anangabhimadeva ii (c. 1190–1198)
rajradeva iii (c. 1198-1211)
anangabhimadeva iii (c. 1211-1238)
narasimhadeva (1238–1264)
bhanudeva (1264–1278)
narasimhadeva ii (1279–1306)
bhanudeva ii (1306–1328)
narasimhadeva iii (1328–1352)
bhanudeva iii (1352–1378)
narasimhadeva iv (1378–1414)
bhanudeva iv (1414–1434)

chauhan rulers of patna (bolangir) , sambalpur [1]

this rajput dynasty had arrived mainpuri or garh sambhor amidst conflict muslim rulers of delhi around 13th or 14th century. founder ramai deva still in womb of mother when father murdered yavanas , fled hilly , forest terrains of western odisha seek refuge. 17th century works poet gangadhar mishra (a descendant of famous sanskrit poet sambhukara puri) known kosalananda , 18th century work chauhan king vaijala deva known probodha chandrika , jayachandrika give detailed descriptions origins , foundation of state first @ patna , sambalpur.

ramai deva first adopted local priest or brhamin chief known chakradhara panigrahi provided shelter , refuge fleeing mother during pregnanacy. ramai deva later won on other local chiefs , established patna state. married daughter of eastern ganga king bhanudeva iii [2]

ramai deva
mahalinga deva
vastsaraja deva
bhojaraja deva
prataprudra deva
vikramaditya deva
vaijala deva
hiradara deva
narasingha deva
balarama deva
hrudayanarayan deva
balabhadra deva
madhukara deva
anirudha
ananata
madana gopala
baliara deva
phate sing
vikram sing
ratan sing
raghunatha sai
chhatra sai
budha ray
haribans sing
balabhata sai
ajita sing
abhaya sing
jayanta sing
padman sing




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^ snigdha tripathy 1997, p. 8.
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