Culture Northern and Southern dynasties

1 culture

1.1 philosophy
1.2 literature
1.3 other arts

culture
philosophy

confucianism s unchallenged domination of chinese culture , thought weakened during jin dynasty, led wide diversification of political thought , philosophy time of northern , southern dynasties. era produced myriad of writers advocated practical systems of governance , administration, such cao cao , zhuge liang in 3 kingdoms period, wang dao , bao jingyan of eastern jin, fan zhen, xing shao (chinese: 邢邵), , fan xun (chinese: 樊遜) of northern , southern period. of philosophy of period despondent , dispirited, , number of scholars , poets became reclusive mountain hermits living apart society. of these various trends, influential neo-daoism (chinese: 玄學; pinyin: xuánxué). neo-daoism highly influential during southern dynasty, point emperor wen of liu song established neo-daoist academy , promoted it, along confucianism, literature, , history, 4 great subjects of study. phenomenon known empty chat (chinese: 清談; pinyin: qīng tán) became common, educated men meet , talk philosophy day without paying attention mundane things such profession or family. phenomenon gradually waned during sui dynasty, though did not disappear until tang dynasty.

literature

literature particularly vibrant during southern dynasty , tended flowery , frilly, while northern dynasty literature rougher , more straightforward. notable writers include yu xin, xing fang, wei shou, , wen zisheng of northern dynasty. in poetry, fu poetry continued dominant genre, though five-syllable form achieved great prominence during tang dynasty gradually increased in popularity. in southern dynasty, type of essay known pian wen (chinese: 駢文), used metered rhyme, flowery language, , classical allusions, became popular. writings spoke of removing oneself everyday material existence , jettisoning cares , anxiety.

poets of northern , southern dynasties focused on imitating older classical poets of ancient china, formalizing rhyme patterns , meters governed poem composition. however, scholars realized ancient songs , poems, of shijing, in many instances no longer rhymed due sound shifts on previous centuries. introduction of buddhism china, began in late han dynasty , continued through tang dynasty, introduced chinese scholars sanskrit. brahmi script, sophisticated phonological organization, arrived in china in 5th century, , studied xie lingyun, produced (since-lost) glossary of chinese transcriptions of sanskrit terms arranged according 14 sounds . 4 tones of middle chinese first described shen yue , zhou yong.

other arts

northern wei wall murals , painted figurines yungang grottoes

the southern dynasties of china rich in cultural achievement, flourishing of buddhism , daoism, latter 2 new canons of scriptual writings created supreme purity sect , rival numinous treasure sect. southern chinese influenced writings of buddhist monks such huiyuan, applied familiar daoist terms describe buddhism other chinese. chinese in contact , influenced cultures of india , trading partners farther south, such kingdoms of funan , champa (located in modern-day cambodia , vietnam).

part of scroll admonitions of instructress palace ladies, tang dynasty copy of original gu kaizhi

the sophistication , complexity of chinese arts of poetry, calligraphy, painting, , playing of music reached new heights during age. earlier cao zhi, son of cao cao, regarded 1 of greatest poets of day. style , deep emotional expression in writing influenced later poets of new age, such tao qian (365–427) or tao yuanming. during lifetime, written calligraphy of sage of calligraphy , wang xizhi (307–365), prized many , considered true form of personal expression other arts. painting became highly prized artists such gu kaizhi (344–406), largely established tradition of landscape art in classical chinese painting (to learn more, refer far east section of article painting).

institutions of learning in south renowned, including zongmingguan (imperial nanjing university), famed zu chongzhi (mentioned above) had studied. zu chongzhi devised new daming calendar in 465, calculated 1 year 365.24281481 days (which close 365.24219878 days know today), , calculated number of overlaps between sun , moon 27.21223 (which close 27.21222 know today). using number predicted 4 eclipses during period of 23 years (from 436 459).

although multiple-story towers such guard towers , residential apartments existed in previous periods, during period distinct chinese pagoda tower (for storing buddhist scriptures) evolved stupa, latter originating buddhist traditions of protecting sutras in ancient india.

portraits of periodical offering of liang xiao yi 6th century. emissaries right left: uar(hephthalites); persia; baekje; qiuci; wo (japan); langkasuka; dengzhi (鄧至) of qiang ethnic group; karghalik (yarkand, 周古柯), kabadiyan (呵跋檀), kumedhan (胡蜜丹), baiti (白題Œ, of similar hephthalite stocks), whom dwell close hephthalite; mo (qiemo) (且末).