abrahamic religions

the tomb of abraham in 2006.

abrahamic religions monotheistic faiths emphasizing , tracing common origin abraham or recognizing spiritual tradition identified him. constitute 1 of 3 major divisions in comparative religion, along indian religions (dharmic) , east asian religions (taoic).

mount sinai in 2004.

the 3 major abrahamic faiths (in chronological order of revelation) judaism, christianity , islam. strict definitions of constitutes abrahamic religion include these 3 faiths. however, there many other religions incorporating abrahamic doctrine, theology, genealogy , history own belief systems.

for example, samaritanism religion closely related judaism, druzism, ahmadiyya or alevism islam. bahá í faith considers successor traditional abrahamic religions. related christianity many gnostic sects, mandaeism. kurdish religions such various yazdani faiths quasi- or post-abrahamic, syncretic, , may trace portions of theology iranian religions , in cases zoroastrianism.

map showing 1 interpretation of borders of promised land, based on god s promise abraham (genesis 15). (click expand.)

generally speaking, sites significant most, if not abrahamic religions include mount sinai (arabic: طور سيناء‎ Ṭūr sīnā’, or جبل موسى jabal mūsá; egyptian arabic: gabal musa, lit. moses mountain or mount moses ; hebrew: הר סיני‎‎ har sinai; known mount horeb ), mountain in sinai peninsula of egypt traditional , accepted location of biblical mount sinai. latter mentioned many times in book of exodus in torah, bible, , qur an. according jewish, christian , islamic tradition, biblical mount sinai place moses received ten commandments; tomb of abraham in cave of patriarchs, many other places within promised land region of eastern mediterranean. many of these locations featured in history of jewish people , various abrahamic sacred texts such judaic , samaritan pentateuch, torah, tanakh , talmud; christian bible; qur an; , under definitions bahá í literature, druze kitab al hikma, yazdani, ahmadiyya, alevi , other texts , lore.

bahá í faith , bábism

the shrine of bahá u lláh @ bahá í world centre in haifa, israel, in 2007.

the bahá í faith (/bəˈhaɪ/; persian: بهائی, arabic bahá, meaning glory or splendour ) monotheistic religion founded bahá u lláh in 19th century persia, , consider religion progress or succeed bábism or bábi faith (persian: بابی ها bábí há) founded báb earlier in century – emphasizing spiritual unity of humankind.

a view of mansion of bahji 1 of arc complex administrative buildings @ bahá í world center in 2005.

a telephone pole, sidewalk , mosque built on house of báb in shiraz, iran in 2008.

the terraced bahá í gardens, shrine of báb in background, in 2008.

located in bahji, within arc building complex @ bahá í world centre (bwc) on mount carmel in haifa, near acre, israel, shrine of bahá u lláh holy place bahá ís , qiblih, or direction of prayer. contains remains of bahá u lláh , near spot died in mansion of bahji. bahá ís regard acre (he.: עַכּוֹ akko; ar.: عكّا ʻakkā) holy city, due fact serves location of bahá u lláh , family s many affairs. within acre, bahá í sites include house of `abbúd, house of `abdu lláh páshá, garden of ridván , prison cell of bahá u lláh – bahá u lláh incarcerated.

the second holiest site in bahá í faith – revered few remaining azalis (post-bahá í/bábi split followers of bábism, number several thousand worldwide) – shrine of báb, @ bwc. báb s shrine contains within walls temporary shrine of `abdu l-bahá.

the bwc contains monument gardens – wherein can found graves of of bahá u lláh s family – house in `abdu l-bahá lived, , resting place of rúhíyyih khanum (august 8, 1910 – january 19, 2000; born mary sutherland maxwell; wife of shoghi effendi).

bahá u lláh decreed pilgrimage in kitáb-i-aqdas 2 places: house of bahá u lláh in baghdad, iraq , house of báb in shiraz, iran. while these major pilgrimages later replaced (at least in terms of religious significance) `abdu l-bahá, many bahá ís still flocked bahá u lláh s home pilgrimage until house confiscated muslim authorities hostile bahá í faith in 1922. has yet returned bahá í community. house of báb destroyed iranian muslims during state-sponsored persecution of bahá ís. road , mosque built on house , telephone pole marks spot báb proclaimed prophethood. city of baghdad includes garden of ridván, shares same name as – though distinct from – garden of ridván in acre.

christianity

the edicule of holy sepulchre (the tomb of christ) in christian quarter of jerusalem in 2005, dome of rotunda visible above.

map of christian quarter of jerusalem. (click expand.)

located in christian quarter of old city of jerusalem, edicule, known tomb of christ, within church of holy sepulchre holy site many mainstream denominations within christianity. area of church regarded site, according understanding, jesus christ suffered, crucified, died, buried , resurrected dead along temporal pathway known via dolorosa (from latin; lit. way of sorrows ). first 8 stations of cross can followed along route leading church, inside of final 5 stations.

the greek orthodox church of jerusalem, roman catholic church, , armenian apostolic church form custodians of holy sepulchre , collectively control holy pilgrimages within church along coptic, syriac, , ethiopian orthodox churches hold chapels. within walls of church many traditional locations events associated passion , death of jesus: stone of unction (the anointing place of christ s body), prison of christ (where jesus held, incarcerated, before passion), treasure room holds relics including fragments of true cross, , of course calvary or golgotha (where christ crucified) , sepulchre itself – name few.

the entrance garden tomb in 2005.

many protestant , nontrinitarian denominations regard nearby garden tomb actual crucifixion , resurrection site of jesus. still others have claimed jesus s tomb in japan, or located outside of east jerusalem. individuals in ahmadiyya muslim community regard roza bal in srinagar, india, jesus s authentic grave.

the altar of crucifixion (golgotha or calvary, traditional site of jesus s crucifixion) in church of holy sepulchre, jerusalem, in 2011.

other holy sites , shrines of pilgrimage exist in holy land. in jerusalem garden of gethsemane, mount zion cenacle of last supper , mount of olives, church of ascension prove spiritually important. outside jerusalem pilgrimage places including sea of galilee, locations in bethlehem, nazareth, , capernaum:

the ninth station of cross along via dolorosa church of holy sepulchre in background, in 2006.

bethlehem: location of church of nativity in manger square, jesus born.
capernaum: town, bordering sea of galilee, cited in gospel of luke reported have been home of apostles simon peter, andrew, james , john, tax collector matthew. in gospel of matthew town reported have been home of jesus. according luke , jesus taught in synagogue in capernaum on sabbath. jesus healed man had spirit of unclean devil , healed fever in simon peter s mother-in-law. according luke , place roman centurion asked jesus heal servant. capernaum mentioned in gospel of mark , in location of famous healing of paralytic lowered through roof reach jesus. according several gospels, jesus selected town center of public ministry in galilee after left small mountainous hamlet of nazareth . capernaum has no obvious advantages on other city in area, chose because home of first disciples, simon (peter) , andrew.
nazareth: location of church of annunciation (in catholic tradition marks site archangel gabriel announced future birth of jesus virgin mary ), st. gabriel s church (an orthodox alternative site annunciation), synagogue church (the melkite greek catholic church lays claim site, traditionally of synagogue jesus preached ), church of st. joseph s carpentry (occupies traditional location workshop of saint joseph); mensa christi church (run franciscan religious order, commemorates traditional location jesus dined apostles after resurrection), basilica of jesus adolescent (run salesian religious order, occupies hill overlooking city), church of christ (an anglican church in nazareth), , church of our lady of fright (marking spot mary saw jesus being taken cliff congregation of synagogue , felt fear on account). jesus trail pilgrimage route connects many of religious sites in nazareth on 60 km walking trail ends in capernaum.

other important locations identified life of jesus include areas around sea of galilee – instance cana , church of multiplication in tabgha – mount of temptation (in judean desert), mount tabor, jacob s well, bethany , bethabara (on jordan river). town of tzippori virgin mary spent childhood.

still other revered places may exist within or outside holy land, involving localities associated lives of twelve apostles, church fathers, relatives , ancestors of jesus, saints, or other figures or events featured in both old testament (sharing religious significance judaism or other abrahamic faiths) , new testament. reverence held these sites may vary depending on denomination.

eastern christianity

orthodox or eastern christians, many other christians, regard sepulchre in jerusalem holiest of places. place emphasis on nazareth, bethlehem, capernaum , other parts of holy land sacred since apostolic times, , note places of special sanctity sanctuaries built on tombs of apostles , other saints. there many shrines relics of christian saints , martyrs sacred pilgrimage sites orthodox christians well.

historically, 4 of 5 major episcopal sees of roman empire (the pentarchy) represent modern patriarchal centers of majority of orthodox churches. these are, namely, alexandria, antioch, constantinople , jerusalem – excluding rome.

among orthodox, there many monasteries , convents held in high honor , sacred veneration.

eastern orthodox church

the coastline of mount athos in 2007.

the exterior of church of st. george in istanbul in 2007.

if patriarch of constantinople taken 1 of prominent leaders in eastern orthodox communion, church of st. george in istanbul (greek: Καθεδρικός ναός του Αγίου Γεωργίου kathedrikós naós tou agíou geōrgíou; turkish: aya yorgi) – seat of ecumenical patriarch – may perhaps 1 of important religious sites eastern orthodox christians.

also of particular importance eastern orthodox church , particularly greek orthodox church peninsular mount athos (greek: Όρος Άθως, oros athos; /ˈæθɒs/, greek pronunciation: [ˈaθos]), masses in world celebrated daily in byzantine rite. mount athos arguably comprises largest community of christian monastics, ascetics, , mystics (specifically hesychasts) in world. home twenty eastern orthodox monasteries under direct jurisdiction of ecumenical patriarch.

oriental orthodox churches

a road in addis ababa, ethiopia leading holy trinity cathedral, patriarchate of ethiopian orthodox church , sacred place members of rastafari movement.

etchmiadzin cathedral in vagharshapat, armenia, in 2009.

oriental orthodoxy faith of eastern christian churches recognize 3 ecumenical councils – first council of nicaea, first council of constantinople , first council of ephesus. rejected dogmatic definitions of council of chalcedon (c. 451). hence, these oriental orthodox churches called old oriental churches, miaphysite churches, or non-chalcedonian churches. these churches not in communion of multifarious eastern orthodox churches in dialogue return unity.

despite potentially confusing nomenclature (oriental meaning eastern), oriental orthodox churches distinct collectively referred eastern orthodox church. oriental orthodox communion comprises 5 basic groups: coptic orthodox, ethiopian orthodox, eritrean orthodox, syriac orthodox, , armenian apostolic churches. these churches, while being in communion 1 another, hierarchically independent.

the malankara orthodox syrian church or indian orthodox church technically autonomous, still shares ties syriac orthodox church.

this being case, each of 6 communal churches has own spiritual headquarters act episcopal sees of respective popes or patriarchs:

armenian apostolic — etchmiadzin cathedral (mother see of holy etchmiadzin), vagharshapat, armenia
coptic orthodox — st. mark s coptic orthodox cathedral in abbassia in cairo, egypt (formerly st. mark s coptic orthodox cathedral in alexandria, egypt)
eritrean orthodox — asmara, eritrea
ethiopian orthodox — holy trinity cathedral, addis ababa, ethiopia (see rastafari movement)
indian orthodox — kottayam, india
syriac orthodox (includes malankara church , other saint thomas christians) — bab tuma borough, damascus, syria (formerly antioch; temporarily stationed in homs, mardin, et al.)

the syriac patriarch himself resides in dayro d-mor ephrem, monastery near damascus

latter-day saints

the holy of holies appeared in 20th century.

the salt lake temple

latter-day saints regard reverence such places garden tomb , garden of gethsemane in jerusalem, due connections life , ministry of jesus. additionally, holy place members of mainstream lds church numerous temples around world, particularly celestial room located inside each temple. purpose of these ordinance rooms act symbolic representation of presence of god himself. additionally, room inside salt lake temple, designated holy of holies, considered highly sacred due primary function private meditation room church s president.

mormon homes treated sacred areas due church s emphasis on sacredness of family union , family-based ceremonies performed in lds temples. on subject, bible dictionary in lds edition of bible states:

a temple literally house of lord, holy sanctuary in sacred ceremonies , ordinances of gospel performed , living , in behalf of dead. place lord may come, holy of place of worship on earth. home can compare temple in sacredness. ([1]).

once mormon family starts dwelling in home, special prayer given head of family (or close member of church) asking residence shelter against temptation, , dedicating place god long family inhabits it.

other venerated sites latter-day saints include historical locations throughout united states, due particular connection mormon history , theology. however, no mandatory peregrinations nor worship ceremonies performed in such places. examples include sacred grove (palmyra, new york), kirtland temple (kirtland, ohio) , adam-ondi-ahman (daviess county, missouri).

other lds movement sects

mormon breakaway sects, sub-sects , fundamentalist groups hold belief particular church alone can claim true authority , succession joseph smith, , other lds denominations therefore incorrect or heretical. many sites throughout united states represent spiritual headquarters of these churches: example, yfz ranch in eldorado, texas @ 1 time represented fundamentalist church of jesus christ of latter-day saints (flds) , apostolic united brethren (aub) base in bluffdale, utah.

rastafari movement

an orthographic projection of ethiopia in africa.

the holy trinity cathedral in addis ababa, ethiopian orthodox tawahedo cathedral burial place of haile selassie i.

ethiopia of considerable importance setting of life , death of haile selassie. many rastas consider ethiopia promised land. city of shashamane particularly significant. in capital of addis ababa haile selassie buried in holy trinity cathedral (often called kidist selassie, amharic), significant religious site ethiopian orthodox christians (see oriental orthodox churches), doubles seat of primate of church.

catholic church

a panoramic photograph of st. peter s square.

catholics, many other christians, regards sepulchre in jerusalem holiest of places. places emphasis on nazareth, bethlehem, capernaum, , other parts of holy land sacred since apostolic times, , notes places of special sanctity sanctuaries built on tombs of apostles.

mainstream catholicism whole represented holy see (latin: sancta sedes, holy chair ) of vatican city state (/ˈvætɪkən ˈsɪti/ ( listen); italian: stato della città del vaticano (pronounced [ˈstaːto della t͡ʃitˈta del vatiˈkaːno])), walled enclave within rome, italy. inside vatican largest church in history, st. peter s basilica (l.: basilica sancti petri), location of papal office , living quarters of pope (in apostolic palace), vatican hill – atop saint peter s tomb , place of crucifixion, throne, , baldachin. outside st. peter s square many more churches throughout vatican , outlying rome. 1 important landmark sistine chapel (l.: sacellum sixtinum; i.: cappella sistina), in papal conclave takes place.

rome place catholics believe one, holy, catholic , apostolic church formally founded , begun st. peter (whom consider prince of apostles ) appointed successor , first vicar of christ. while holy sepulchre still sanctified of places catholics, vatican extremely sacred place faithful (those of latin church, churches sui iuris) seat of supreme authority on earth. important papal territories include 4 major basilicas (l.: basilica maior, pl. -es; excluding st. peter s) – namely archbasilica of st. john lateran (the ecumenical catholic mother church), st. peter s basilica, basilica of st. paul outside walls (containing tomb of paul apostle), , basilica di santa maria maggiore.

other locations of reverence ardent catholics include marian shrines, particularly localities of fátima , lourdes, miracles or apparitions attributed virgin mary took place.

islam

the kaaba, cuboid structure located within masjid al-Ḥarām (sacred mosque) in mecca, saudi arabia, according islamic tradition rebuilt ibrahim (abraham) , son ismail (ishmael), , 1 of holiest places in islam. during life prophet muhammad laid black stone in 1 of corners of building. many millions of muslims visit mecca , surrounding areas each year during pilgrimage known hajj – fifth , final pillar of islam – during circumambulate kaaba part of ritual.

other significant areas within or surrounding mecca include areas in hajj takes place, including of zamzam, mina , bridge, muzdalifah , mount arafat.

the second holiest place muslims masjid al-nabawi in medina, prophet muhammad buried under green dome. caliphs umar , abu bakr said buried in masjid al-nabawi. al-aqsa mosque in jerusalem sacred place in sunni traditions site muhammad ascended heaven in isra , mi raj , first qibla. mount sinai holds significance in islam. among shias, imam ali mosque , imam husayn shrine hold high significance.

other sites in arabian hejaz associated muhammad: near mecca, on mountain of jabal al-nour cave hira place of prophet s first revelation. many other former places of devotion historically associated muhammad destroyed under alleged anti-idolatrous policies of wahhabi saudi government.

druzism

jethro s tomb in tiberias, israel

druzism highly distinguished sect of ismāʿīli shi islam, practiced druze community. druze consider muslims, non-druze muslims (most sunnis , many shi as) not regard druze practicing islam – , may condemn beliefs shirk (polytheism).

the nabi shu ayb, or tomb of jethro, near tiberias in israel important religious site druze. have held religious festivals there centuries , has been place of annual pilgrimage.

judaism

map of jewish quarter of jerusalem.

a modern diagram of kodesh hakodashim, or tabernacle @ solomon s temple.

the kodesh hakodashim, judaism s holy of holies, inner sanctuary of tabernacle in time of moses described in torah; term refers space on temple mount in jerusalem sanctuary located in temple in jerusalem. (this location often, controversially, identified being inaccessible within footprint of islamic dome of rock.) historically, entered high priest on yom kippur. orthodox judaism , conservative judaism continue regard location retaining or of sanctity despite destruction of temple in 70 ce. entry sanctified areas has been prohibited in recent times powerful elements within traditional judaism, , result many religious authorities prohibit or restrict entry temple mount observant jews.

today, jews recognize jewish quarter of city, wherein mount located, location of profound spiritual importance. within area stone artifact known western wall paramount last standing remains of temple. along wall notable featured include western stone , wilson s arch. beneath tunnel runs closer toward original kodesh hakodashim, ending approximately 150 ft. inward @ place called warren s gate. in alley muslim quarter of city semi-concelead section of wall called little western wall.

aerial view of western wall in 2008.

the cave of patriarchs in hebron second holiest site in judaism. other significant sites include number of temples within jewish quarter of old jerusalem, namely hurva, belz, tiferet yisrael , 4 sephardic synagogues. beit el synagogue of special importance students of kaballah. biblical mount sinai believed place moses received ten commandments god – although there considerable debate location of mountain. (scholarly opinion places @ either mountain historically known sinai or mount seir.)

samaritanism

samaritans atop mount gerizim in 2006.

samaritanism abrahamic or semitic religion closely related to – or considered derivative of – judaism, practiced samaritan (hebrew: שומרונים shomronim, arabic: السامريون as-sāmariyyūn) ethnoreligious group, reside in region of levant , claim ancestry israelites connections ancient eastern mediterranean kingdom of samaria. samaritan ethnoreligious group , subsequent samaritan religion considered be, demographically, smallest of kind in modern times, number of samaritans worldwide totalling @ 712 of late 2007.

adherents of samaritanism consider formation known holy rock, atop summit of mount gerizim (samaritan hebrew: ar-garízim, arabic: جبل جرزيم jabal jarizīm, t.h.: הַר גְּרִזִּים har gərizzîm, s.h.: הַר גְּרִיזִּים har gərizzim; romanized jirziem), holy of holies . comparable temple mount of jerusalem idealized , revered mainstream jews – gerizim located near samaritan village of kiryat luza (الطيبه), adjacent palestinian city of nablus (present-day biblical shechem), in west bank.

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